Carnitine Carnipure®

L-carnitine Carnipure® powder:

• L-carnitine tartrate Carnipure.

L-carnitine Carnipure® in capsules:

• Beef gelatin capsule.

In order to protect L-carnitine from degradation, it is generally added another molecule.

So when you use 1g of carnitine supplement, there isn't really 1g of L-carnitine in it, because part of the supplement is made up of this second protective molecule.

But are you being told what the actual percentage of L-carnitine is in the product?

Usually, this topic is not discussed to suggest a higher dosage than it actually is.

Nutrimuscle plays transparency by specifying precisely the content of its supplements:

L-carnitine Carnipure® contains 68% L-carnitine and 32% tartaric acid (an antioxidant that prevents carnitine from absorbing water molecules in the air).

In 1 g of Carnipure® L-carnitine, there are therefore 680 mg of L-carnitine and 320 mg of tartaric acid.

Nutritional values per 100 g

• protein : 0g
• Carbohydrates : 0g
• Fat: 0g
• Calories : 96 kcal

• 1 capsule contains 0.6 g of pure L-carnitine Carnipure
• 5 capsules contain 3 g of pure L-carnitine Carnipure
• 1 scoop contains 1 g of pure L-carnitine Carnipure
• 3 scoops of 3 g of pure L-carnitine Carnipure
• Find out more about our premium European capsules.

Carnipure® L-carnitine is for:

• Athletes, for its significant benefits on the muscles, both during and after exertion
• Inactive people, for its fat-burning effects and antioxidant properties

During meals

It is important to take your Carnipure® L-carnitine while your insulin level is high, so mealtimes are best (19-20). This applies even more outside of training periods, i.e. in the morning and at lunchtime or on rest days (days on which Carnipure® should still be taken; 21).

During training sessions

A weight training session increases the muscular absorption of carnitine by 40 to 70% compared to usual (18). Muscle contractions facilitate the transportation of carnitine within the cells. As a result, you should take a significant portion of your dose of Carnipure® L-carnitine before, during, and just after your workout.

The problem with carnitine is its assimilation. It only reaches 5-15%, with the rest being eliminated. This makes it difficult to increase carnitine levels in the muscles.
However, there are three solutions that can help you overcome these drawbacks:

• Carnitine assimilation improves when used in conjunction with carbohydrates. So taking carnitine with a meal facilitates its absorption. 
• It is also a good idea to spread out your dosage rather than taking it in one go. 
• The synergy of L-carnitine - Fat Burner - Choline-L-Bitartrate: L-carnitine and Nutrimuscle’s Fat Burner combine perfectly, as choline improves carnitine retention while promoting its cellular integration. A synergy is thus created between these two complementary supplements (23).

Synergies between supplements

Carnipure® L-carnitine reinforces the effectiveness of pre-training boosters: Natural Bio Booster, Tribulus Terrestris, organic Ceylan green tea, Guayapi organic guarana, and Green Caffeine Bio Booster.

Carnipure® L-carnitine boosts the efficiency of fat burners: Choline L-Bitartrate.

Antagonisms between supplements

To avoid bloating, Carnipure® L-carnitine is not to be taken at the same time as potassium bicarbonate.

• (10) Spiering BA. Responses of criterion variables to different supplemental doses of L-carnitine L-tartrate. J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Feb;21(1):259-64
• (18) Furuichi Y. Muscle Contraction Increases Carnitine Uptake Via The Cellular Redistribution Of OCTN2. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: May 2011 - Volume 43 - Issue 5 - p 808
• (19) Stephens FB. Carbohydrate ingestion augments L-carnitine retention in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2007 Mar;102(3):1065-70.
• (20) Wall BT. Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans. J Physiol. 2011 Feb 15;589(Pt 4):963-73.
• (21) Stephens FB, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Laithwaite D, Simpson EJ, Greenhaff PL. A threshold exists for the stimulatory effect of insulin on plasma L-carnitine clearance in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Feb;292(2):E637-41.
• (22) Stephens FB. Vegetarians have a reduced skeletal muscle carnitine transport capacity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jul 13. [Epub ahead of print]
• (23) Hongu N. Carnitine and choline supplementation with exercise alter carnitine profiles, biochemical markers of fat metabolism and serum leptin concentration in healthy women. J Nutr. 2003 Jan;133(1):84-9.

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As with all the products in our range, we make sure to share all the information we have on the origins of our suppliers and the quality of the raw materials used.
We only use the very best ingredients, the quality of which is guaranteed by global leaders: Swiss group Lonza, which is HACCP and ISO9001 certified, produces Nutrimuscle's L-Carnipure® carnitine.
This origin guarantees that L-Carnipure® contains:

• Zero impurities
• No traces of D-carnitine (a synthetic form of carnitine not found naturally that inhibits the absorption of L-carnitine)
• No GMOs
• No allergenic substances

Each batch of L-Carnipure® is tested to confirm the absence of toxic heavy metals as well as microorganisms, bacteria, microbes, fungi, or mould. These tests are made available to the consumer, which is rarely the case for generic carnitines, of which the source, producer, method of manufacture, purity, date of production, and use-by date is not stated.

Thanks to unique patents, L-Carnipure® is the only carnitine produced via fermentation (as it is naturally). It therefore contains no animal residues, as is often the case with low-cost, low-tech extraction methods. This feature therefore guarantees no transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

When we warn against Chinese supplements, it is because they are made with a different lens than the one adopted here by Lonza. The supplements to be wary of are those for which European or American resellers buy at the lowest possible price from local Chinese producers. In this case, the reseller has no control over:

• The origin of the raw material;
• The manufacturing process;
• Quality tests during manufacturing, etc.

The only thing that matters to them is the lowest possible price, so it is normal to find considerable price variations. Lonza's approach is totally different. Lonza is not a reseller; it is a producer. Lonza relocates its factory in order to remain competitive, but without sacrificing the quality of L-Carnipure® which remains a product 100% identical to that initially manufactured in Europe. The only difference concerns only the geographical location of its factory. Otherwise, nothing else changes. It is always Lonza who manufactures in its own factory, with its same patented and unique technology and keeping the same raw materials. The same quality and purity tests are carried out throughout the manufacturing process.

Essential action on the muscles

Almost all of our carnitine reserves, that is to say from 20 to 25 g, are localized in the muscles. This is where it will have the most effect. In athletes, carnitine:

• Promotes oxygenation of the muscles thanks to a vasodilator action, which reduces the increase in heart rate and saves oxygen during exercise;
• Increases the proportion of fats consumed as fuel, which preserves glycogen, thereby repelling fatigue;
• Accelerates recovery and muscle growth due to its impact on the endocrine system;
• Raises the density of testosterone receptors on the muscles (therefore the sensitivity of the latter to our testosterone) (1);
• Promotes the effectiveness of IGF-1;
• Reduces muscle stiffness by minimizing muscle catabolism (2);
• Reduces the production of ammonia, a factor of fatigue resulting from the degradation of amino acids (3).

Benefit of L-carnitine against fats
Carnitine plays an essential role in the oxidation of fats. It is this which allows the transport of lipid molecules within the tissues so that they can be burned there. In overweight people who are not on a diet, taking L-carnitine increases the amount of fat used for fuel (4).

Ultimately, this effect results in a melting of fat. Thus, compared to a placebo, in 4 weeks of diet, L-carnitine increases weight loss by 30% (5). In 8 weeks, in high-level athletes, the simple intake of 2 g of L-carnitine, 3 hours before training, lowers the fat percentage by 2.5% (6).

Carnitine works best in the most fat athletes. This fat loss results in an increase in physical performance greater than that noted with placebo (6). In fact, in the absence of a diet, the level of adiposity of athletes on placebo does not vary. A new study (8), very detailed, particularly at the genomic level, reveals the secrets of the effectiveness of carnitine against fat. By regulating the activity of genes that make us burn fat, carnitine provides more energy during exercise, which increases endurance and increases the effectiveness of the diet.

Mitochondria are organelles that convert our fat into energy. However, the mitochondria are completely impermeable to lipids. For the latter to enter the mitochondria, they need a transporter: it is carnitine. Carnitine allows fat molecules to cross the protective membranes of mitochondria. On the contrary, without carnitine, it becomes almost impossible to burn fat: we are constantly tired and we accumulate fat since we are not able to oxidize fat to transform it into energy.

Increased antioxidant defenses of the body
Research shows that taking 2g of L-carnitine for 2 weeks increases the body's antioxidant defenses by 30% (23). Unlike plants, which themselves contain antioxidants, carnitine works indirectly by increasing the capacity of cellular enzymes that make our own antioxidants like superoxide dismutases (SOD) (24).

This is an essential health action, all the more important as we train intensively on a regular basis, because physical efforts tend to "tire" these enzymes which then start to produce less and less. antioxidants, while the body paradoxically needs them even more than usual. It is through this mechanism of action that carnitine accelerates muscle recovery (23).

It is also these stimulating effects on the body's antioxidant defense capacities that may participate in the benefits of carnitine in extending life expectancy (25).

Proteins contribute to the development and maintenance of muscle mass.

• (1) Keller U. Carnitine status of pregnant women: effect of carnitine supplementation and correlation between iron status and plasma carnitine concentration. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Sep;63(9):1098-105.
• (2) Rubin MR. Safety measures of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation in healthy men. J Strength Cond Res. 2001 Nov;15(4):486-90.
• (3) Galloway SD. Effects of oral L-carnitine supplementation on insulin sensitivity indices in response to glucose feeding in lean and overweight/obese males. Amino Acids. 2011 Jul;41(2):507-15.
• (4) Volek JS. Effects of carnitine supplementation on flow-mediated dilation and vascular inflammatory responses to a high-fat meal in healthy young adults. Am J Cardiol. 2008 Nov 15;102(10):1413-7.
• (5) Foitzik K. L-carnitine-L-tartrate promotes human hair growth in vitro. Exp Dermatol. 2007 Nov;16(11):936-45.
• (6) Foitzik K. Indications that topical L-carnitin-L-tartrate promotes human hair growth in vivo. J Dermatol Sci. 2007 Nov;48(2):141-4.
• (7) Volek JS. L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation favorably affects markers of recovery from exercise stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Feb;282(2):E474-82.
• (8) Ho JY. l-Carnitine l-tartrate supplementation favorably affects biochemical markers of recovery from physical exertion in middle-aged men and women. Metabolism. 2010 Aug;59(8):1190-9.
• (9) Eder K. Free and total carnitine concentrations in pig plasma after oral ingestion of various L-carnitine compounds. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2005 Jan;75(1):3-9.
• (10) Spiering BA. Responses of criterion variables to different supplemental doses of L-carnitine L-tartrate. J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Feb;21(1):259-64.
• (11) Wall BT. Chronic oral ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans. J Physiol. 2011 Feb 15;589(Pt 4):963-73.
• (12) Broad EM. Carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism during exercise after oral carnitine supplementation in humans. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008 Dec;18(6):567-84.
• (13) Spiering BA. Effects of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on muscle oxygenation responses to resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Jul;22(4):1130-5.
• (14) Kraemer WJ. Androgenic responses to resistance exercise: effects of feeding and L-carnitine. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Jul;38(7):1288-96.
• (15) Broad EM. Effects of four weeks L-carnitine L-tartrate ingestion on substrate utilization during prolonged exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005 Dec;15(6):665-79.
• (16) Abramowicz WN. Effects of acute versus chronic L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on metabolic responses to steady state exercise in males and females. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005 Aug;15(4):386-400.
• (17) Kraemer WJ. The effects of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance exercise and recovery. J Strength Cond Res. 2003 Aug;17(3):455-62.
• (1) Kraemer WJ. Androgenic responses to resistance exercise: effects of feeding and L-carnitine. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Jul;38(7):1288-96.
• (2) Kraemer WJ. L-carnitine supplementation: influence upon physiological function. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2008 Jul-Aug;7(4):218-23.
• (3) Broad EM. Carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism during exercise after oral carnitine supplementation in humans. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008 Dec;18(6):567-84.
• (4) Wutzke KD, et al. The effect of l-carnitine on fat oxidation, protein turnover, and body composition in slightly overweight subjects. Metabolism. 2004 Aug;53(8):1002-6.
• (5) Walter P. L-carnitine, a 'Vitamin-like Substance' for functional food. Proceedings Of the symposium on L-carnitine, april 28 to may 1, 2000, zermatt, switzerland. Ann Nutr Metab. 2000;44(2):75-96.
• (6) Zajac A, et al. The influence of L-carnitine supplementation on body fat content, speed, explosive strength and VO2MAX in elite athletes. Biology of Sport. 2001 18:127-135.
• (7) Arenas J, et al. Carnitine in muscle, serum, and urine of nonprofessional athletes: effects of physical exercise, training, and L-carnitine administration. Muscle Nerve. 1991 Jul;14(7):598-604.
• (8) Stephens FB. Skeletal muscle carnitine loading increases energy expenditure, modulates fuel metabolism gene networks and prevents body fat accumulation in humans. Journal of Physiology, 2013 591, 4655-4666.
• (9) Koeth RA. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. Nat Med. 2013 May;19(5):576-85.
• (10) Ussher JR. Gut microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine and cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis. 2013 Dec;231(2):456-61.
• (11) Johri AM. Carnitine therapy for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease: evidence and controversies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014 Aug;24(8):808-14.
• (12) Pepine CJ. The therapeutic potential of carnitine in cardiovascular disorders. Clin Ther. 1991 Jan-Feb;13(1):2-21.
• (13) Ferrari R. Therapeutic effects of L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine on cardiovascular diseases: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Nov;1033:79-91.
• (14) Flanagan JL. Review Role of carnitine in disease. Nutrition & Metabolism 2010, 7:30.
• (15) DiNicolantonio JJ. L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clinic Proc 2013, 88(6):5444–51
• (16) Mente A. The Relationship Between Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in a Multiethnic Population Living in Canada. Can J Cardiol. 2015 Sep;31(9):1189-94.
• (17) Shang R. Effective dosing of L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2014 Jul 21;14:88.
• (18) Davini P. Controlled study on L-carnitine therapeutic efficacy in post-infarction. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1992;18(8):355-65.
• (19) Tang WH. Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) pathway contributes to both development of renal insufficiency and mortality risk in chronic kidney disease. Circ Res. 2015 Jan 30;116(3):448-55.
• (20) Fukami K. Oral L-carnitine supplementation increases trimethylamine-N-oxide but reduces markers of vascular injury in hemodialysis patients. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2015 Mar;65(3):289-95.
• (21) Yasuo K. Long-Term Effects of Oral L-carnitine Supplementation on Anemia in Chronic Hemodialysis. Cardiorenal Med. 2014 Apr; 4(1): 53–59.
• (22) Di Iorio BR. Long-term L-carnitine Administration reduces Erythropoietin Resistance in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients with Thalassemia Minor. Drug Target Insights. 2007; 2: 1–7.
• (23) Parandak H. The Effect of Two-Week L-carnitine Supplementation on Exercise -Induced Oxidative Stress and Muscle Damage.Asian J Sports Med. 2014 Jun; 5(2): 123–128.
• (24) Cao Y.Single dose administration of L-carnitine improves antioxidant activities in healthy subjects. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2011;224(3):209-13.
• (25) Malaguarnera M. Serum Carnitine Levels in Centenarians Clinical Drug Investigation 1999 17(4) : 321-327.

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• Endurance benefits of carnitine for women?
• How does carnitine work against fat?
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• Carnitine plays a crucial role in pregnant women
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