Iron deficiency is a common health problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Iron is an essential mineral for the proper functioning of our bodies, including the production of red blood cells and the transport of oxygen in the blood. This article explores the causes, symptoms, and solutions to prevent and treat iron deficiency.
What causes iron deficiency?
Iron deficiency can have several causes. First, an inadequate diet can be a major cause. People who follow a vegetarian or vegan diet may be at particular risk if they do not compensate for the lack of haem iron (found in animal products) with plant sources of iron.
Additionally, heavy blood loss , whether from heavy menstrual periods, gastrointestinal ulcers, or hemorrhages, can deplete the body's iron stores. Additionally, certain medical conditions such as celiac disease or gastrointestinal surgery can interfere with iron absorption.
Finally, the increased iron needs of pregnant women and growing children increase their risk of deficiency.
What are the symptoms of iron deficiency?
Symptoms of iron deficiency vary depending on the severity of the deficiency.
Extreme fatigue is a common symptom, as the body lacks red blood cells needed to carry oxygen to muscles and tissues.
Paleness, especially pale skin and lack of color in the lips and tongue, may indicate iron deficiency anemia.
Shortness of breath may occur even with mild exertion due to decreased hemoglobin levels.
Heart palpitations , a fast or irregular heart beat, are also signs of iron deficiency.
Headaches and dizziness may be due to insufficient oxygenation of the brain.
Finally, restless legs syndrome, characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs and an irresistible urge to move them, can be made worse by iron deficiency.
What treatment for iron deficiency?
To prevent and treat iron deficiency, it is crucial to adopt a balanced diet rich in iron . Iron-rich foods such as red meat , fish , legumes , green leafy vegetables , and dried fruits should be included in the diet, especially for postmenopausal and pregnant women. Vitamin C (citrus fruits, kiwi, etc.) improves the absorption of plant iron.
In some cases, iron supplements may be necessary, especially for people with increased needs such as pregnant women or those with heart failure. Dietary supplements can also help fill nutritional gaps. Products such as haem iron are particularly effective because they are better absorbed by the body.
The importance of prevention
Prevention of iron deficiency is essential to avoid serious complications such as iron deficiency anemia. Special attention should be paid to high-risk groups. Menstrual bleeding , is a risk factor for the development of iron deficiency.
Pregnant women have significantly increased iron requirements during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Young children and adolescents have increased iron requirements to support their rapid growth. Older adults may have reduced iron absorption, requiring regular monitoring of ferritin and hemoglobin levels.
Iron deficiency is a significant but preventable health problem with proper diet and, if necessary, the use of dietary supplements . Symptoms of iron deficiency can be varied and severe, so it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. Taking a proactive approach can greatly improve quality of life and prevent complications associated with iron deficiency.
